【案情】

     胡(hu)(hu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)駕(jia)車(che)(che)(che)外(wai)出辦事。途中(zhong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)輪(lun)胎爆胎，胡(hu)(hu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)便將汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)停在小型車(che)(che)(che)道內(nei)換(huan)輪(lun)胎(未開前(qian)后閃光燈)。齊(qi)(qi)云(yun)駕(jia)車(che)(che)(che)(未開遠光燈)從后面駛(shi)來(lai)。臨近時，齊(qi)(qi)云(yun)才發現(xian)前(qian)方胡(hu)(hu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)的(de)汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)，立即采(cai)取(qu)緊(jin)急制(zhi)動(dong)措施，但由于雨天(tian)路滑，停車(che)(che)(che)不及(ji)，將胡(hu)(hu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)撞(zhuang)(zhuang)倒，并將胡(hu)(hu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)的(de)汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)撞(zhuang)(zhuang)到人行道內(nei)。在齊(qi)(qi)云(yun)車(che)(che)(che)后方隨(sui)行的(de)車(che)(che)(che)輛趕到，駕(jia)駛(shi)員羅振(zhen)邦見(jian)狀緊(jin)急制(zhi)動(dong)，因距前(qian)車(che)(che)(che)過近，結(jie)果(guo)撞(zhuang)(zhuang)在齊(qi)(qi)云(yun)車(che)(che)(che)尾部，致(zhi)使齊(qi)(qi)云(yun)車(che)(che)(che)又(you)將胡(hu)(hu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之妻(qi)撞(zhuang)(zhuang)倒。

【爭鳴】

      ■ 胡為(wei)提出，交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)事故發(fa)(fa)生時，自己將(jiang)汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)停在小(xiao)型快(kuai)速車(che)(che)(che)道內，該車(che)(che)(che)被撞時是(shi)(shi)靜止狀態，自己的(de)(de)(de)停車(che)(che)(che)行為(wei)不是(shi)(shi)發(fa)(fa)生事故的(de)(de)(de)起因(yin)。在修車(che)(che)(che)換胎長達20余分鐘的(de)(de)(de)時間里過(guo)往許多汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)均未發(fa)(fa)生事故，所以事故原本(ben)是(shi)(shi)可以避免的(de)(de)(de)。正是(shi)(shi)因(yin)為(wei)齊(qi)云與羅振邦二人駕車(che)(che)(che)精(jing)神(shen)不集中，遇有情況處(chu)理不當，并有違(wei)反(fan)交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)規則(ze)的(de)(de)(de)行為(wei)，才導致(zhi)了交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)事故的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)生。齊(qi)云和羅振邦的(de)(de)(de)過(guo)錯和違(wei)章行為(wei)是(shi)(shi)造成事故的(de)(de)(de)直接原因(yin)。故此次(ci)交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)事故應當由齊(qi)云和羅振邦二人共同承擔全部責任(ren)。

      ■ 齊(qi)云(yun)和羅(luo)振(zhen)邦(bang)提出(chu)，在發生事(shi)故時，胡(hu)(hu)為(wei)所(suo)駕駛(shi)(shi)的汽車(che)(che)雖(sui)然處于靜(jing)止狀態，但胡(hu)(hu)為(wei)將車(che)(che)停在快車(che)(che)道內換輪(lun)胎(tai)，違(wei)反了(le)(le)道路(lu)交通(tong)(tong)安(an)全(quan)法(fa)律法(fa)規。胡(hu)(hu)為(wei)完全(quan)有(you)條件將車(che)(che)推離(li)現場移到路(lu)邊修理，而(er)胡(hu)(hu)為(wei)未將車(che)(che)移開(kai)(kai)，也不(bu)設任(ren)何標志，妨礙交通(tong)(tong)的安(an)全(quan)與暢通(tong)(tong)，應負事(shi)故的主要責任(ren)。齊(qi)云(yun)在行駛(shi)(shi)中遇到視線不(bu)清(qing)的情(qing)況(kuang)下未開(kai)(kai)遠光燈(deng)，加之精神不(bu)集(ji)中，發現情(qing)況(kuang)晚，采取制動措施不(bu)得力(li)，撞到胡(hu)(hu)為(wei)的車(che)(che)，同(tong)意承擔次要責任(ren)；羅(luo)振(zhen)邦(bang)駕駛(shi)(shi)汽車(che)(che)在行車(che)(che)中跟前車(che)(che)距離(li)過近，遇有(you)情(qing)況(kuang)停車(che)(che)不(bu)及，將車(che)(che)撞在了(le)(le)齊(qi)云(yun)車(che)(che)的尾部，也應當承擔次要責任(ren)。

【法官點(dian)評】

      《道路(lu)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)安全(quan)(quan)法(fa)》第(di)52條(tiao)規定： 〃機動(dong)(dong)(dong)車(che)在道路(lu)上發(fa)生(sheng)故障，需要(yao)停(ting)車(che)排除(chu)故障時(shi)(shi)，駕駛人應(ying)當(dang)(dang)(dang)立即(ji)開(kai)啟(qi)危(wei)險(xian)警(jing)示(shi)閃光燈(deng)(deng)，將機動(dong)(dong)(dong)車(che)移(yi)至不妨(fang)(fang)礙(ai)(ai)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)地方停(ting)放(fang)；難(nan)以移(yi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)，應(ying)當(dang)(dang)(dang)持續開(kai)啟(qi)危(wei)險(xian)報(bao)警(jing)閃光燈(deng)(deng)，并在來(lai)車(che)方向設置警(jing)告標志等措(cuo)施擴(kuo)大示(shi)警(jing)距離，必要(yao)時(shi)(shi)迅(xun)速報(bao)警(jing)。”《道路(lu)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)安全(quan)(quan)法(fa)實施條(tiao)例》第(di)60條(tiao)規定： "機動(dong)(dong)(dong)車(che)在道路(lu)上發(fa)生(sheng)故障或者發(fa)生(sheng)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)事(shi)故，妨(fang)(fang)礙(ai)(ai)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)又難(nan)以移(yi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)，應(ying)當(dang)(dang)(dang)按照規定開(kai)啟(qi)危(wei)險(xian)報(bao)警(jing)閃光燈(deng)(deng)并在車(che)后50米至100米處(chu)設置警(jing)告標志，夜(ye)間(jian)還應(ying)當(dang)(dang)(dang)同(tong)時(shi)(shi)開(kai)啟(qi)示(shi)廓燈(deng)(deng)和后位燈(deng)(deng)。” 胡(hu)為(wei)的(de)車(che)輛發(fa)生(sheng)故障后，在有(you)條(tiao)件將機動(dong)(dong)(dong)車(che)移(yi)至不妨(fang)(fang)礙(ai)(ai)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)地方停(ting)放(fang)的(de)情況下，將車(che)輛停(ting)放(fang)在機動(dong)(dong)(dong)車(che)道內，違反(fan)了道路(lu)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)安全(quan)(quan)法(fa)律法(fa)規，既妨(fang)(fang)礙(ai)(ai)了交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)安全(quan)(quan)、暢通(tong)(tong)(tong)，也給自己的(de)生(sheng)命(ming)和財(cai)產(chan)安全(quan)(quan)造成了威脅(xie)。因(yin)此，胡(hu)為(wei)在此次交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)事(shi)故中負有(you)重大過錯，是(shi)導致交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)事(shi)故的(de)決定性因(yin)素(su)，應(ying)當(dang)(dang)(dang)承擔交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)事(shi)故的(de)主要(yao)責任。

      《道(dao)路(lu)(lu)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)安全(quan)(quan)法(fa)(fa)(fa)》第22條規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)： "機(ji)動車(che)駕駛(shi)(shi)人應(ying)(ying)當(dang)(dang)遵守道(dao)路(lu)(lu)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)安全(quan)(quan)法(fa)(fa)(fa)律、法(fa)(fa)(fa)規(gui)(gui)的規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)，按照(zhao)操作規(gui)(gui)范安全(quan)(quan)駕駛(shi)(shi)、文明駕駛(shi)(shi)。〃第38條規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)： "車(che)輛、行(xing)人應(ying)(ying)當(dang)(dang)按照(zhao)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)信號通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)行(xing)；遇有交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)警(jing)察(cha)現(xian)場(chang)指(zhi)(zhi)揮時(shi)，應(ying)(ying)當(dang)(dang)按照(zhao)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)警(jing)察(cha)的指(zhi)(zhi)揮通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)行(xing)；在(zai)(zai)沒(mei)有交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)信號的道(dao)路(lu)(lu)上(shang)，應(ying)(ying)當(dang)(dang)在(zai)(zai)確(que)保安全(quan)(quan)暢通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的原則(ze)下通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)行(xing)。” 齊云在(zai)(zai)行(xing)車(che)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)精神(shen)不集(ji)中(zhong)，發現(xian)險情較晚，并且(qie)未(wei)按規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)開啟遠光(guang)燈，未(wei)能履行(xing)法(fa)(fa)(fa)律規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)的交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)安全(quan)(quan)注(zhu)意(yi)義務。〈0道(dao)路(lu)(lu)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)安全(quan)(quan)法(fa)(fa)(fa)》第4 3條規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)： 〃同車(che)道(dao)行(xing)駛(shi)(shi)的機(ji)動車(che)，后(hou)車(che)應(ying)(ying)當(dang)(dang)與前(qian)車(che)保持足以采取緊急制動措施的安全(quan)(quan)距離。" 羅振邦(bang)在(zai)(zai)行(xing)車(che)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)與前(qian)車(che)距離過(guo)近(jin)，同樣違反了法(fa)(fa)(fa)律規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)。但(dan)齊云與羅振邦(bang)的過(guo)錯和違章行(xing)為對交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)事故(gu)(gu)的發生不起決定(ding)(ding)性的作用，與胡為違章停車(che)的行(xing)為相比，處于(yu)次要(yao)(yao)地位。因此，齊云與羅振邦(bang)在(zai)(zai)此次交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)事故(gu)(gu)中(zhong)應(ying)(ying)當(dang)(dang)承擔次要(yao)(yao)責任。