“過充”即是過量給蓄電池充電而發生的一種對蓄電池化學和物理性能起損壞效果的表象。
　　“過充”首先是充電器的緣由。當前的電動三輪車充電器都有安全充電電壓設置，充電電壓通常設定在電瓶規范電壓的1.2倍以內，如48V的蓄電池，充電電壓設定在57.2V以內。蓄電池在放電過程中，電壓會逐漸降低，當再次給電瓶充電時，充電器的紅燈會亮起，表明充電進行時，當電能不斷的輸入電瓶后，電壓會不斷升高，直至挨近或等于充電電壓時充電器綠燈會亮起，此刻，充電中止或涓流充電。假如充電器電壓元件失靈，充電就不會中止，充電電流會不間斷地輸入電瓶，電壓就會不斷升高，電壓升高的成果就會加重電解液的熱反響，輕則蓄電池外殼會變形（脹大），重則致使蓄電池被充爆。

　　 其次是(shi)因為蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)間(jian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)不平衡性形成“過(guo)(guo)充(chong)”。上面講過(guo)(guo)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶組是(shi)由2-5節(jie)12V的(de)(de)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)構成，電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶剛出廠(chang)時(shi)，每(mei)節(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)十分挨近才配組，但運用一(yi)段時(shi)間(jian)后，蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)之間(jian)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)就(jiu)會(hui)(hui)發生(sheng)(sheng)區別，即所謂的(de)(de)“壓(ya)差(cha)”。電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)三輪車充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器在充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)是(shi)一(yi)起給串聯而成的(de)(de)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)較高的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶會(hui)(hui)先充(chong)溢電(dian)(dian)(dian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)較低的(de)(de)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)會(hui)(hui)后充(chong)溢乃至(zhi)一(yi)直在充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，因為充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器是(shi)以整體電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)為充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)或(huo)中(zhong)止(zhi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)設定的(de)(de)，因此，先充(chong)溢電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)就(jiu)會(hui)(hui)處(chu)在“過(guo)(guo)充(chong)”狀(zhuang)態。“壓(ya)差(cha)”小時(shi)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶影響不大，“壓(ya)差(cha)”大時(shi)，常常“過(guo)(guo)充(chong)”的(de)(de)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)相同會(hui)(hui)發生(sheng)(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)解液熱反響加重，直至(zhi)把這(zhe)節(jie)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)壞。

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