正(zheng)常的(de)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)在放電(dian)(dian)時構(gou)成(cheng)(cheng)硫(liu)(liu)酸(suan)(suan)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)結晶(jing)(jing)，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)時比較輕易(yi)地(di)恢復(fu)為鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)。假設電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)運用(yong)和保(bao)護不善，例如常常充(chong)電(dian)(dian)缺少(shao)或(huo)過(guo)放電(dian)(dian)，負極上就會(hui)逐漸構(gou)成(cheng)(cheng)一種(zhong)粗大鞏固的(de)硫(liu)(liu)酸(suan)(suan)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)。這種(zhong)硫(liu)(liu)酸(suan)(suan)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)用(yong)慣(guan)例的(de)方法充(chong)電(dian)(dian)很(hen)(hen)難恢復(fu)，需求充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)壓很(hen)(hen)高，由(you)于充(chong)電(dian)(dian)時充(chong)電(dian)(dian)接受才干很(hen)(hen)差，很(hen)(hen)多(duo)分(fen)出(chu)氣體(ti)。這種(zhong)現象世間(jian)發生在負極，被稱為不成(cheng)(cheng)逆(ni)(ni)硫(liu)(liu)酸(suan)(suan)鹽(yan)化(hua)(hua)。它惹起蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)容量下降，乃至(zhi)變成(cheng)(cheng)蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)壽命停止的(de)原(yuan)因(yin)。普(pu)通認(ren)為，這種(zhong)不成(cheng)(cheng)逆(ni)(ni)硫(liu)(liu)酸(suan)(suan)鹽(yan)化(hua)(hua)的(de)原(yuan)因(yin)是(shi)硫(liu)(liu)酸(suan)(suan)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)的(de)重(zhong)結晶(jing)(jing)，粗大結晶(jing)(jing)構(gou)成(cheng)(cheng)以(yi)后融化(hua)(hua)度(du)減少(shao)。硫(liu)(liu)酸(suan)(suan)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)的(de)重(zhong)結晶(jing)(jing)使晶(jing)(jing)體(ti)變大，是(shi)由(you)于多(duo)晶(jing)(jing)系統傾向與減少(shao)其表面(mian)安(an)閑能的(de)結果。從(cong)結晶(jing)(jing)進程的(de)規矩可知，小(xiao)結晶(jing)(jing)尺度(du)的(de)融化(hua)(hua)度(du)大于大結晶(jing)(jing)尺度(du)的(de)融化(hua)(hua)度(du)。因(yin)此，當長期充(chong)放或(huo)過(guo)放電(dian)(dian)時，很(hen)(hen)多(duo)的(de)硫(liu)(liu)酸(suan)(suan)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)存在，再加上硫(liu)(liu)酸(suan)(suan)濃(nong)度(du)和溫度(du)的(de)動(dong)搖，單(dan)個的(de)硫(liu)(liu)酸(suan)(suan)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)晶(jing)(jing)體(ti)就可以(yi)依托小(xiao)晶(jing)(jing)體(ti)的(de)融化(hua)(hua)而(er)長大。

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